LoRaWAN

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 LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) is a low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN) protocol that is designed to wirelessly connect battery-powered devices to the internet in regional, national, or global networks. It is based on the LoRa (Long Range) modulation technology, which uses a combination of spread-spectrum and chirp-spread-spectrum techniques to provide long-range communication and high resistance to interference.

  • LoRaWAN networks use the unlicensed ISM (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical) bands, typically in the 868 MHz and 915 MHz frequency ranges, to provide wireless connectivity.
  • LoRaWAN networks use a star-of-stars topology in which gateways, or base stations, connect to the network server and relay data between devices and the internet.
  • LoRaWAN networks can cover a wide area and can provide a range of several kilometers in urban areas and up to several tens of kilometers in rural areas.
  • LoRaWAN networks are designed for low-power devices, such as sensors and actuators, and can run for several years on a single battery.
  • LoRaWAN networks use AES-128 encryption for security and use a unique session key for each device.
  • LoRaWAN networks use a variety of communication protocols such as MQTT and CoAP to communicate with the devices.
  • LoRaWAN networks are used in a wide range of applications such as smart cities, smart agriculture, smart metering, and industrial IoT.
  • LoRaWAN networks are managed and maintained by network operators, such as Actility, Senet, and Kerlink, who own and operate the gateways and provide network access to customers.
  • LoRaWAN is one of the most popular LPWAN technology and is widely used in many countries worldwide.

It's worth noting that LoRaWAN technology is constantly evolving and changing, so the information I've provided is accurate at the time of my knowledge cut-off and there may be newer developments or advancements in the field.

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